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Krishi Sanskriti is really a certified N.G.O (Sign up no. 46935 of 2003 below societies registration behave (XXI) of 1860) Doing work for the Environmental Security.

Krishi Sanskriti is really a certified N.G.O (Sign up no. 46935 of 2003 below societies registration behave (XXI) of 1860) Doing work for the Environmental Security.

Recent Occasions Worldwide Meeting On “Sustainable Revolutionary Techniques In Civil and The environmental Modern technology” (SITCEE- 2013) was presented on sixteenth -17th Mar 2013 at Jawaharlal Nehru College, New Delhi – Many of the Full-length Examine Newspaper presented in your World wide Diary of Environmental Analysis and Evolution getting ISSN No. 2249-3131 and Global Record of Civil Modern technology and Request ISSN No. 2249-426X

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Can Using tobacco Reason Depression?

Can Using tobacco Reason Depression?

Researchers have made eye-catching assertions about cigarette smoking ultimately causing sadness. It is definitely noted that those that smoke have larger fees of major depression than nonsmokers, but scientists within the University of Otago in New Zealand looked into the connection extra, and say they provide determined a causal association.

Further scientific mischief, but no evidence linking thermal paper to health effects

Speculation in the guise of science was again recently featured in the pages of Environmental Health Perspectives, where Andrea Schwartz and Philip Landrigan (researchers at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York) and Julia Taylor, Frederick vom Saal and others at the University of Missouri, published letters that expand on an earlier study by Taylor.

Taylor et al.’s initial study had discussed human exposure to BPA. In their letter, Schwartz and Landrigan endorse and discuss Taylor’s paper – then go even further, claiming that a potentially important non-food source of exposure to BPA may be the thermal paper used in cash register receipts. Despite these alarming claims, Schwartz and Landrigan provide no new data in support of this speculation.

Then, in their own letter, Taylor and her colleagues dismiss out of hand the detailed safety assessments conducted by expert committees of the world’s most scientifically respected advisory groups and regulatory agencies (European Food Safety Authority, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the German Society of Toxicology, and others) that establish a safe dose level for BPA, and find current exposure levels from all sources are well below the safety level, indicating no reason for concern.

These latest letters may be from scientists, but their publication continues a concerted effort by activists to claim health effects from thermal paper using BPA technology.

However, there is no evidence of any potential threat to anyone who uses thermal paper, even those workers, such as cashiers, who are exposed to the paper over long periods of time.

American Chemical Society podcast misrepresents safety of thermal paper

The American Chemical Society (ACS) inexplicably launched a podcast last week suggesting that handling of paper products, including thermal receipts, may pose a risk of harmful health effects. The podcast reports that “bisphenol A (BPA) – a substance that may have harmful health effects –occurs in 94 percent of thermal cash register receipts” and that “handling of paper products can contribute up to 2 percent of the total daily BPA exposure in the general population.” However, the study itself (Liao & Kannan, Widespread Occurrence of Bisphenol A in Paper and Paper Products: Implications for Human Exposure, Environ. Sci. Technol. 45:9372-79, 2011) characterizes these values as “minor” compared to exposure through diet.

Further, the study notes that estimated daily intake (EDI) values calculated for BPA from paper products were “several orders of magnitude” lower than the oral Reference Dose (RfD) or the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) value of 50 micrograms per kilogram body weight per day established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the European Food Safety Authority. Both the RfD and TDI have similar definitions – the amount of a substance that can be taken in daily over a lifetime without appreciable health risk. Because median EDI values from thermal paper receipts, even from occupational exposure (worst case), were in fact over 1500 times lower than the RfD and TDI, the findings of the paper do not support the insinuations of the podcast of health risk from BPA in thermal paper.

In short, ACS should have done more research on thermal paper – a product with a long history of proven safety – before launching its podcast.

European authorities reaffirm safety of BPA

The European Food Safety Authority has reiterated that its 2010 assessment of the safety of bisphenol A remains unchanged. According to this assessment, the current safety standard “protects all human populations for life time exposure to this substance (BPA) through the diet.”

The safety standard set at that time and still in place is a total daily intake of 0.05 mg/kg body weight. “The European food authority’s latest confirmation that the current standard protects all human populations should provide assurance because of the scientific weight of evidence approach used by EFSA,” according to Dr. John Heinze, executive director of the Environmental Health Research Foundation.

EFSA’s statement is available here

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Thermal paper receipts safe for consumers and workers, says Danish environment agency

A recent investigation of the safety of thermal paper receipts containing bisphenol A by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency concluded that these products are safe for consumers.

According to the Danish agency, “the receipts do not pose a risk to consumers or cashiers who handle the receipts. Even if they are pregnant, and even when taking into account the amount of bisphenol A that also comes from food.”

However, the Danish report’s claim that receipts are a “significant source” of exposure is contradicted by two previous studies that note that receipts are at most a secondary source of exposure, with food the main source of exposure. Indeed, the Danish EPA report indicates that its exposure estimates are based on “worst case” estimates and “the actual exposure of the general consumer in most cases will be considerably lower.” Nonetheless, the Danish report demonstrates the safety of the products even based on worst case exposure estimates.

A link to the Danish EPA study is available here.

Links to the two previous reports showing receipts are secondary sources of exposure:

http://www.xerr.uzh.ch/news/bisphenol01.html

 

Update on safety of BPA released

The Environmental Health Research Foundation recently released an update on BPA, highlighting the fact that US agencies responsible for protecting human health – after numerous updates and multiple reviews of the science during both Democrat and Republican administrations – regard BPA as a negligible risk.

Joshua Sharfstein, then Deputy Commissioner of US Food and Drug Administration, in a 2010 press conference said, “If we thought it [BPA] was unsafe, we would be taking strong regulatory action.”  In addition a recent paper analyzed the risk associated with potential dermal absorption of BPA.  The data indicate that skin exposure to BPA does not pose any special risk to human health.  The low levels that people are exposed to –whether through their skin, through their food, or both combined – do not raise concerns for human health.

Furthermore, the Foundation’s update reports on Coca-Cola’s recent decision to continue the use of BPA in their can linings.  Muhtar Kent, chairman and chief executive officer of The Coca-Cola Company, assured shareholders at the company annual meeting, “If we had any sliver of doubt about the safety of our packaging, we would not continue to use [BPA]”.  The Coke website continues,

“In the past couple of years, BPA has become controversial, even though reliable scientific evidence repeatedly reviewed by regulatory authorities indicates that the levels of BPA associated with can linings are safe.  While we are very aware of the highly publicized concerns and viewpoints that have been expressed about BPA, our point of view is that the scientific consensus on this issue is most accurately reflected in the opinions expressed by those regulatory agencies whose missions and responsibilities are to protect the public’s health.”

The Coke shareholders agreed that regulatory authorities – experts in science, toxicology, and health – know best and 75% voted to continue to use BPA.  Food accounts for roughly 95% of human exposure to BPA.   The tiny amount of BPA that could result handling thermal paper is much smaller than levels people are exposed to from food packaging – and those levels have been deemed safe by the US FDA, the US EPA, and the European Food Safety Administration (EFSA).

The publication also notes the growing chorus of pro-science critics of coverage of BPA in the media.   Several science writers including, Jon Entine and Trevor Butterworth, have noted the importance of properly evaluating the scientific robustness of large studies compared to small studies that lack statistical power and/or studies that cannot be replicated.  Their comments echo the results of a review by the independent German Society of Toxicology.  Their analysis of over 5000 studies points out a number of flaws in small-scale exploratory studies and concludes that BPA at current exposure levels does not pose a risk to human health.

So what does all this information about BPA mean for thermal paper?  In short, it means that BPA in thermal paper does not raise concern for human health.   Exposure to BPA from thermal paper is very low – much lower than exposure from our food – and even when combined, those levels fall far below the levels that could trigger concern, according to the world’s leading health authorities.  The US FDA, the US EPA and EFSA all agree that the low levels of BPA that people are exposed to pose no risk to human health.

New study adds to evidence that BPA in thermal paper poses no health risk

A new scientific study adds to the large and growing body of evidence that BPA in thermal paper does not pose any concern for human health.

The study by Mielke and colleagues models how BPA gets processed in the body, how efficiently it is metabolized, and the internal dose that is experienced by various organs (the pharmacokinetics) of ingested and dermally absorbed BPA.   They show that neither BPA absorbed through the skin nor ingested BPA presents a risk to human health.

For their model, Mielke et al., use the worst case scenario of a person with their hands and entire forearms in contact with thermal paper for 8 hours, without washing.  Their model indicates that the maximum concentration of BPA that could get into the body is 700 times lower than the concentration that may pose concern for the liver – the organ that is most sensitive to the effects of BPA.  Furthermore, the authors model the combined effects of dermal absorption and oral intake; their model predicts that even when combined, the two sources of exposure will not reach the levels that would trigger concern for human health.